吐槽《科学》125前沿科学问题

《科学》杂志继2005年提出125个科学前沿问题后今年再度提出125个问题。因为这些问题基本没有标准答案所以我也可以斗胆吐槽一下。显然我不可能对任何一个问题有什么深入的见解，但今天忙了一天不想写严肃东西了。双星号后面黑体字为我的回答，一半认真、一半吐槽，供各位读者周末轻松一下。

Chemistry
化学

1. Are there more color pigments to discover?
1.还有更多色彩元素可发现吗？
**Yes, if you define new pigments as materials with a different absorption wave length.
2. Will the periodic table ever be complete?
2.元素周期表会完整吗？
**That will depend on how hard chemists work. If transient elements under extreme conditions are to be counted the periodic table could be very large.
3. How can we measure interface phenomena on the microscopic level?
3.如何在微观层面测量界面现象？
**As we did in measuring bulk phenomena
4. What is the future for energy storage？
4.能量存储的未来是怎样的？
**Either we figure out this one or we do not have a future
5. Why does life require chirality?
5.为什么生命需要手性？
**Even synthetic chemists require chirality, so why not? A racemic life is like having a twin sister, who may steal your boy friends so why keep the other enantiomer
6. How can we better manage the world's plastic waste?
6.我们如何更好地管理世界上的塑料废物？
**By training more chemists.
7. Will AI redefine the future of chemistry?
7.AI会重新定义化学的未来吗？
**Maybe, but AI might be redefined by chemistry first
8. How can matter be programmed into living materials?
8.物质如何被编码而成为生命材料？
**Totally synthetic cells are totally possible
9. What drives reproduction in living systems?
9.是什么驱动生命系统的复制？
**Survival bias maybe. If you cannot reproduce you would be observed by the people who ask this question

Medicine & Health
医学与健康

1. Can we predict the next pandemic?
1.我们可以预测下一次流行病吗？
**Qualitatively yes, quantitatively no. Human interactions are next to impossible to avoid so pandemic will always be a possibility, but like wild fires the trigger and timing are difficult to predict.
2. Will we ever find a cure for the common cold?
2.我们会找到治疗感冒的方法吗？
**Yes. Modern medicine is only 100 years old and forever is a very long time.
3. Can we design and manufacture medicines customized for individual people?
3.我们可以设计和制造出为个人定制的药物吗？
**Yes, it already exists. Its name is milasen
4. Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?
4.人体组织或器官可以完全再生吗？
**Yes. My liver today is composed of cells that my teenage year liver had not seen. Google the Ship of Theseus
5. How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?
5.如何维持和调节免疫稳态？
**Don’t know, but glad it does
6. Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?
6.中医的经络系统有科学依据吗？
**Don’t ask, don’t tell
7. How will the next generation of vaccines be made?
7.下一代疫苗将如何生产？
**Are you living under a rock? Did you not see where capital went in the last 12 months? mRNA!
8. Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?
8.我们能否克服抗生素耐药性？
**Yes, but we will have to keep doing it like we bath every day
9. What is the etiology of autism?
9.自闭症的病因是什么？
**Good question
10. What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?
10.我们的微生物组在健康和疾病中扮演什么角色？
**A better question may be what role we play in the health of microbiome. Go watch Lilo and Stich
11. Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?
11.异种移植能否解决供体器官的短缺问题？
**This, I believe

Biology
生命科学

1. What could help conservation of the oceans?
1.什么可以帮助保护海洋？
**Consume with moderation
2. Can we stop ourselves from aging?
2.我们可以阻止自己衰老吗？
**Likely, but be careful with what you wish
3. Why can only some cells become other cells?
3.为什么只有一些细胞会变成其他细胞？
**You mean under physiological conditions? Why does goalkeeper not also serve the corner kicks?
4. Why are some genomes so big and others very small?
4.为什么有些基因组非常大而另一些却很小？
**A small apartment is enough for some to live, a big mansion cannot contain some egos.
5. Will it be possible to cure all cancers?
5.有可能治愈所有癌症吗？
**Definitely. People need to know there are worse diseases
6. What genes make us uniquely human?
6.哪些基因使我们人类与众不同？
**What gives coca cola its unique taste?
7. How do migratory animals know where they're going?
7.迁徙动物如何知道它们要去哪里？
**By killing those who don’t
8. How many species are there on Earth?
8.地球上有多少物种？
**A lot
9. How do organisms evolve?
9.有机体是如何进化的？
**The combination of the ability to generate diversity and ruthless selection can make wonders
10. Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?
10.为什么恐龙长得如此之大？
**Human-centric question. Why are humans so small?
11. Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?
11.远古人类是否曾与其他类人祖先杂交？
**They most likely did
12. Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?
12.人类为什么会对猫狗如此着迷？
**Because they don’t talk back
13. Will the world's population keep growing indefinitely?
13.世界人口会无限增长吗？
**Are you kidding? Watch the slogans on the street
14. Why do we stop growing?
14.我们为什么会停止生长？
**We learned from dinosaurs
15. Is de-extinction possible?
15.能否复活灭绝生物？
**It would certainly be easier than creating life from scratch
16. Can humans hibernate?
16.人类可以冬眠吗？
**I can
17. Where do human emotions originate?
17.人类的情感源于何处？
**Tricky question
18. Will humans look physically different in the future?
18.未来人类的外貌会有所不同吗？
**On average we look 30 pounds different from the past, so likely
19. Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?
19.为什么会发生物种大爆发和大灭绝？
**Why not?
20. How might genome editing be used to cure disease?
20.基因组编辑将如何用于治疗疾病？
**It is being done already by correcting faulty genes
21. Can a cell be artificially synthesized?
21.可以人工合成细胞吗？
**The simplest live cells contain only 300 some genes. Total synthesis of cells should be achievable
22. How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?
22.细胞内的生物分子是如何组织从而有序有效发挥作用的？
**Diversity and selection can make wonders

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